(English_(India)_MFA_dictionary_v2_2_1)=
# English (India) MFA dictionary v2.2.1

``````{dictionary} English (India) MFA dictionary v2.2.1
:id: "English (India) MFA dictionary v2_2_1"
:tags: English;MFA;IPA
:language: "English"
:dialect: India
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/india_mfa/v2.2.1/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```

   ```{admonition} G2P models
   * {ref}`english_(india)_mfa_g2p_model_v2_2_1`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/english/india_mfa/v2.2.1/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Dental
  - Alveolar
  - Alveopalatal
  - Retroflex
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 16,866
        * Examples
          * metic: [m ɛ ʈʲ ɪ k]
          * wasm: [ʋ ə z ə m]
          * yomps: [j ɒ m p s]
          * imply: [ɪ m p ʎ aj]
      * mʲ
        * Occurrences: 3,660
        * Examples
          * minh: [mʲ ɪ n]
          * emirs: [ɪ mʲ ɪ ə z]
          * remit: [ɹ iː mʲ ɪ ʈ]
          * muon: [mʲ ʉː ɒ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɱ
        * Occurrences: 5
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 34,724
        * Examples
          * conn: [k ɒ n]
          * then: [d̪ ɛ n]
          * unst: [ə n s ʈ]
          * noah: [n oː ə]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 6,362
        * Examples
          * kenny: [c ɛ ɲ i]
          * nizam: [ɲ ɪ z ɑː m]
          * denis: [ɖ ə ɲ i]
          * nikon: [ɲ ɪ k ɒ n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 6,205
        * Examples
          * incur: [ɪ ŋ ɜː]
          * slang: [s l a ŋ]
          * tang: [ʈ a ŋ]
          * bunk: [b ə ŋ k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 16,023
        * Examples
          * pen: [p ɛ n]
          * pope: [p oː p]
          * bipod: [b aj p ɒ ɖ]
          * pobby: [p ɒ bʲ i]
    * voiced
      * b
        * Occurrences: 11,095
        * Examples
          * abord: [ə b ɒː ɖ]
          * bache: [b eː k]
          * quob: [kʷ ɒ b]
          * crib: [c ɹ ɪ b]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t̪
        * Occurrences: 2,504
        * Examples
    * voiced
      * d̪
        * Occurrences: 658
        * Examples
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʈ
        * Occurrences: 29,592
        * Examples
          * alter: [ɒ l ʈ ə ɾ]
          * shute: [ʃ ʉː ʈ]
          * olent: [oː l ə n ʈ]
          * stock: [s ʈ ɒ k]
    * voiced
      * ɖ
        * Occurrences: 23,532
        * Examples
          * eld: [ɛ l ɖ]
          * acids: [a s ɪ ɖ z]
          * lazed: [l eː z ɖ]
          * dames: [ɖ eː m z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 5,951
        * Examples
          * keays: [c iː z]
          * skua: [s c ʉː ə]
          * musky: [m ə s c i]
          * aka: [eː c eː eː]
    * voiced
      * ɟ
        * Occurrences: 1,823
        * Examples
          * gears: [ɟ ɪ z]
          * grift: [ɟ ɹ ɪ f ʈ]
          * igloo: [ɪ ɟ ʎ ʉː]
          * grit: [ɟ ɹ ɪ ʈ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 21,967
        * Examples
          * exfat: [ɛ k s f a ʈ]
          * jakob: [dʒ eː k ɒ b]
          * ixion: [ɪ k s aj ə n]
          * brake: [b ɹ eː k]
    * voiced
      * ɡ
        * Occurrences: 6,236
        * Examples
          * vig: [ʋ ɪ ɡ]
          * stags: [s ʈ a ɡ z]
          * galen: [ɡ eː l ə n]
          * gripe: [ɡ ɹ aj p]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 312
        * Examples
          * got: [ɡ ɒ ʔ]
          * fact: [f a ʔ]
          * meat: [mʲ iː ʔ]
          * eat: [iː ʔ]
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tʃ
        * Occurrences: 3,189
        * Examples
          * chark: [tʃ ɑː k]
          * chart: [tʃ ɑː ʈ]
          * arch: [ɑː tʃ]
          * chop: [tʃ ɒ p]
    * voiced
      * dʒ
        * Occurrences: 6,862
        * Examples
          * jot: [dʒ ɒ ʈ]
          * jami: [dʒ ɑː mʲ i]
          * kinds: [k aj n dʒ]
          * joker: [dʒ oː k ə ɾ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 35,100
        * Examples
          * lotus: [l oː ʈ ə s]
          * asail: [ə s eː l]
          * sagas: [s a ɡ ə z]
          * synth: [s ɪ n t̪]
    * voiced
      * z
        * Occurrences: 14,261
        * Examples
          * ziggy: [z ɪ ɟ i]
          * heles: [ç iː l z]
          * mazur: [m ə z ɜː]
          * sails: [s eː l z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʃ
        * Occurrences: 6,964
        * Examples
          * isham: [ɪ ʃ ə m]
          * marsh: [m aː ʃ]
          * shiv: [ʃ ɪ ʋ]
          * rash: [ɹ a ʃ]
    * voiced
      * ʒ
        * Occurrences: 498
        * Examples
          * azul: [a ʒ ɒː l]
          * zhuzh: [ʒ ʊ ʒ]
          * gigue: [ʒ iː ɡ]
          * gimel: [ʒ i m ɛ l]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 8,060
        * Examples
          * floyd: [f l ɔj ɖ]
          * foes: [f oː z]
          * frith: [f ɹ ɪ t̪]
          * firth: [f ɜː t̪]
      * fʲ
        * Occurrences: 2,352
        * Examples
          * fixed: [fʲ ɪ k s]
          * phi: [fʲ iː]
          * feuds: [fʲ ʊ ɖ z]
          * feces: [fʲ iː s iː z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ç
        * Occurrences: 991
        * Examples
          * helix: [ç iː ʎ ɪ k s]
          * hewn: [ç ʉː n]
          * haint: [ç eː n ʈ]
          * hegar: [ç i ɡ ə]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 3,808
        * Examples
          * hote: [h oː ʈ]
          * hamri: [h a m ɹ i]
          * honey: [h ə ɲ i]
          * johar: [dʒ oː h ɑː]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 15
        * Examples
          * padua: [p a ɖ w ə]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ʋ
        * Occurrences: 11,342
        * Examples
          * aviv: [a ʋ ɪ ʋ]
          * alves: [a l ʋ ɪ z]
          * wiser: [ʋ aj z ə]
          * wfoe: [ʋ ʊ fʲ iː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɹ
        * Occurrences: 25,555
        * Examples
          * rome: [ɹ ʉ m]
          * outro: [aw ʈ ɹ oː]
          * tauri: [ʈ ɒː ɹ iː]
          * riata: [ɹ ɪ ɑː ʈ ə]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 1,481
        * Examples
          * users: [j ʉː dʒ ə dʒ]
          * sewed: [s j ʉː ɖ]
          * yakut: [j ə k ʊ ʈ]
          * suzy: [s j ʉ z i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Tap`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɾ
        * Occurrences: 5,935
        * Examples
          * ochre: [oː k ə ɾ]
          * truly: [ʈ ɾ ʉː ʎ i]
          * foyer: [f ɔj ə ɾ]
          * racer: [ɾ eː s ə]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 23,772
        * Examples
          * blabs: [b l a b z]
          * loved: [l ə ʋ ɖ]
          * cruel: [k ɹ ʉː ə l]
          * lowed: [l oː ɖ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ʎ
        * Occurrences: 8,654
        * Examples
          * apply: [a p ə ʎ i]
          * list: [ʎ ɪ s]
          * lispy: [ʎ ɪ s pʲ i]
          * sally: [s a ʎ i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 12,960
        * Examples
          * ami: [ɑː mʲ i]
          * sufi: [s ə fʲ i]
          * timmy: [ʈ ɪ mʲ i]
          * emory: [ɛ m ə ɹ i]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 9,450
        * Examples
          * snp: [ɛ s ɛ n p iː]
          * bees: [bʲ iː z]
          * wurly: [ʋ ɜː ʎ iː]
          * geeky: [ɟ iː c i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ʉ
        * Occurrences: 849
        * Examples
          * doeth: [ɖ ʉ ɪ t̪]
          * rumen: [ɹ ʉ m ə n]
          * duet: [ɖ ʉ ɪ ʔ]
          * ueno: [j ʉ eː ɲ oː]
      * ʉː
        * Occurrences: 6,093
        * Examples
          * boost: [b ʉː s ʈ]
          * mahur: [m ə h ʉː]
          * puja: [p ʉː dʒ ə]
          * wuxia: [ʋ ʉː ʃ ɑː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɪ
        * Occurrences: 46,227
        * Examples
          * limbs: [ʎ ɪ m z]
          * liber: [ʎ ɪ b ə]
          * spins: [s p ɪ n z]
          * chins: [tʃ ɪ n z]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ʊ
        * Occurrences: 3,101
        * Examples
          * wolff: [ʋ ʊ l f]
          * wamus: [ʋ ɑː m ʊ s]
          * ruhr: [ɹ ʊ ə]
          * brook: [b ɹ ʊ k]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * e
        * Occurrences: 0
        * Examples
      * eː
        * Occurrences: 10,912
        * Examples
          * maser: [m eː z ə ɾ]
          * sail: [s eː l]
          * nadal: [ɲ eː ɖ ə l]
          * bait: [b eː ʈ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 0
        * Examples
      * oː
        * Occurrences: 10,082
        * Examples
          * cairo: [k aj ɹ oː]
          * goat: [ɡ oː ʈ]
          * iolo: [j ɒ l oː]
          * johar: [dʒ oː h ɑː]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 65,948
        * Examples
          * abdul: [a b ɖ ə l]
          * genoa: [dʒ ɛ n oː ə]
          * varus: [ʋ ɛ ɹ ə s]
          * babul: [b ə b ʉː l]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛ
        * Occurrences: 16,525
        * Examples
          * tells: [ʈ ɛ l z]
          * npd: [ɛ n p iː ɖ iː]
          * jed: [dʒ ɛ ɖ]
          * many: [m ɛ ɲ i]
      * ɛː
        * Occurrences: 1,133
        * Examples
          * faroe: [f ɛː ɹ oː]
          * ares: [ɛː z]
          * vary: [ʋ ɛː ɾ i]
          * dairy: [ɖ ɛː ɹ i]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɜ
        * Occurrences: 192
        * Examples
          * murr: [m ɜ]
          * ubert: [j ʉ b ɜ ʈ]
          * myrrh: [m ɜ]
          * blur: [b l ɜ]
      * ɜː
        * Occurrences: 3,357
        * Examples
          * earl: [ɜː l]
          * third: [t̪ ɜː ɖ]
          * burr: [b ɜː]
          * virgo: [ʋ ɜː ɡ oː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 15,448
        * Examples
          * off: [a f]
          * anwar: [a n ʋ ə]
          * anson: [a n s ə n]
          * coady: [k oː a ɖ i]
      * aː
        * Occurrences: 1,083
        * Examples
          * bali: [b aː ʎ i]
          * baden: [b aː ɖ ə n]
          * often: [aː f ʈ ə n]
          * argue: [aː ɟ ʉː]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɑ
        * Occurrences: 736
        * Examples
          * tarre: [ʈ ɑ]
          * napa: [ɲ a p ɑ]
          * morna: [m oː n ɑ]
          * malak: [m ɑ l a k]
      * ɑː
        * Occurrences: 5,654
        * Examples
          * fargo: [f ɑː ɡ oː]
          * aga: [ɑː ɡ ə]
          * mare: [m ɑː ɹ i]
          * mark: [m ɑː k]
    * rounded
      * ɒ
        * Occurrences: 10,626
        * Examples
          * golgi: [ɡ ɒ l dʒ iː]
          * homme: [ɒ m]
          * polly: [p ɒ ʎ i]
          * rosin: [ɹ ɒ z ə n]
      * ɒː
        * Occurrences: 5,159
        * Examples
          * skald: [s k ɒː l ɖ]
          * dawn: [ɖ ɒː n]
          * pure: [pʲ ɒː]
          * arlon: [ɑ l ɒː n]
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`aj`
* {ipa_inline}`aw`
* {ipa_inline}`ɔj`